Evidence shows that the two may have ruled jointly as coins were issued in both their names. In 102 BC, Cleopatra III decided to establish an alliance with her nephew Antiochus VIII of Syria; Cleopatra Selene was sent as his bride. Written by Philip Mackie , it is set in Ancient Egypt during the latter part of the Ptolemaic Dynasty with an emphasis on the Cleopatras. Coins with Juba II and Cleopatra Selene Photo Credit – Wikipedia. [47] It is unlikely that this marriage was received well by Antiochus VIII's sons. 3 Egyptian Women Who Became First Ladies in Foreign ... Cleopatra VII & Her Children. [57][58] Antioch was taken by Demetrius III then Philip I. [88], Cleopatra Selene's long career, as the wife of three successive Syrian monarchs, and the mother of one and a ruler in her own right, in addition to her divine status, turned her into a symbol of Seleucid continuity. [92] Cleopatra Selene is the most suitable candidate; among several arguments in favor of Cleopatra Selene, Bennett noted that Berenice III was called by Cicero a sister of Ptolemy XI. Ptolemy of Mauretania (c. 24 B.C. Cleopatra Selene, usually just called Selene, has been a prisoner in Rome for years -- ever since her mother's death at Octavian's hands. Women of Antiquity – Rhakotis. [78] They returned to Syria in 240 SE (73/72 BC);[79] the brothers claimed the throne of Egypt based on their mother's birthright. [84] Tigranes II, whose invasion probably took place during Antiochus XIII's absence,[79] never controlled the entire country and took Damascus only in 72 BC. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. [60] The queen's claims of authority were not generally accepted by the Syrians, and the people of Antioch invited Tigranes II to rule Syria, being frustrated by the Seleucids' constant civil wars. He was also intelligent and a renowned scholar, and eventually wrote fifty books and discovered a new type of sea sponge. See more ideas about cleopatra, mark antony, ptolemaic egypt. [92], Identifying Antiochus X and Cleopatra Selene's children is problematic; Cicero wrote that the queen had two sons, one of them named Antiochus. He was also intelligent and a renowned scholar, and eventually wrote fifty books and discovered a new type of sea sponge. All in all not a bad match. After a disastrous second marriage, Juba joined her in Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania in 23 CE. After Marc and Cleopatra commited suicide, Octavia raised their three children, Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, and Ptolemy Philadelphus. [26] In 116 BC, Ptolemy VIII died and his will left Cleopatra III to rule alongside a co-ruler of her choice from between her two sons; she wanted to choose Ptolemy X but the people of Alexandria (the capital of Egypt) opposed this, forcing her to accept Ptolemy IX's ascension to the throne. To impress the Roman Senate, the queen endowed her children with sufficient assets, which included a jewelled candelabrum that was dedicated to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. [70] The Senate refused to hear their petition for the Egyptian throne, but, according to Cicero, their de jure right to the Syrian throne which they had inherited from their ancestors was already acknowledged. What he didn’t know was he left Cleopatra pregnant. [15] The archaeologist Nicholas L. Wright suggested that she assumed the epithet "Selene" when she became queen of Egypt and that it is a divinising epithet, indicating that Cleopatra Selene presented herself as the manifestation of the moon goddess on earth. [89] The Seleucid diadem was considered a symbol of legitimacy even after the fall of the Seleucid dynasty, and many eastern kings, such as the Parthian monarch Mithridates II, used Seleucid royal iconography to gain the local nobility's support in their domains. Their fate is not known. 3 years later Julius Caesar got assassinated. The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt were the closest relatives of the Seleucids and their legitimate successors; Cleopatra VII of Egypt used the name of Cleopatra Selene for her daughter Cleopatra Selene of Mauretania, born 40 BC; this can be viewed in the context of Cleopatra VII's attempts to claim the Seleucid succession rights in the East. Tensions were beginning to fray. They called the new capital Caesarea (modern Cherchell in Algeria). $3.00. Likewise, Philip I could not have been alive since Antiochus XIII went to Rome without having to assert his right to Syria. This has given us fiction writers, however, a great deal of freedom in imagining what she was like. Intended to be the I, Claudius of the 1980s, The Cleopatras met with a decidedly mixed critical reaction. Cleopatra VII Philopator ("Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess", 69—10 August 30 BC) was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, reigning as the last sovereign ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty from 51 BC until her death in 30 BC. Sculpture of Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene at Dendra Photo Credit – Google Images, The affair between Cleopatra and Marc Antony was one of the biggest scandals of the ancient world. Later that year, the twins were born- Alexander Helios (Sun) and Cleopatra Selene (Moon). This one has 2 of 3 convincing characters (plus Octavius, who is the little jerk I picture him as), plus a serviceable and beautiful woman acting as Cleopatra. [note 5][47], The queen held out in the capital for a while before marrying Antiochus IX. Alternatively, she might have been sent to Arados by Antiochus IX for protection before he marched against Seleucus. Cleopatra Selene controlled several coastal towns until Tigranes II besieged her in 69 BC in Ptolemais; the Armenian king captured the queen and later executed her. [72] This typography appeared in the Damascene coins of Demetrius III and Antiochus XII and is otherwise rare in the Hellenistic world. It was an amiable enough marriage and at least two children were born- Ptolemy, born in 10 BCE, and Drusilla. After Anthony’s defeat, Selene was taken to Rome with her twin brother (Alexander Helios) and half-brother (Caeserion), and paraded in heavy gold chains. In 31 BCE, Antony and Cleopatra lost a major naval battle at Actium. While her siblings disappeared from the historic record during this time (code for "they died"), Cleopatra Selene II was raised to be an upstanding citizen of Rome and was eventually married to King Juba II of Mauretania in northern Africa, a new addition to the empire. [59], Cleopatra Selene's location during the reign of Antiochus X's successors in Antioch is unknown. However, this is speculation. Cleopatra died by committing suicide with a poisonous snake. Ptolemy XV Caesarion (June 47 B.C. Justin wrote that Cleopatra III "made two daughters husbandless by marrying them to their brothers in turn". Retiraram-se para a Mauritânia, onde batizaram a capital de Cesareia (atual Cherchell, Argélia) em homenagem ao imperador Augusto. She was the fraternal twin of Ptolemaic prince Alexander Helios. Legacy of the Moon: The Story of Cleopatra Selene (From the ... Cleopatra's Moon': Not Just For Kids - Los Angeles Times. [note 4][45] The capital of Syria, Antioch, was part of Antiochus VIII's realm at the time of his assassination; Cleopatra Selene probably resided there. The lives of a series of queens belonging to the Ptolemaic Dynasty of ancient Egypt, culminating in its final active ruler Cleopatra … [71] Based on her jugate coins which depict her alongside Antiochus XIII, Hoover suggested that Selene operated from Damascus;[65] those coins used a broken-bar Alpha, cursive Epsilon and squared Sigma. 13. On 25 December 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to twins fathered by Antony, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. [54] The last evidence for the reign of Antiochus X is dated to 92 BC;[55] he is generally assumed to have died at around this date. [87] Others see Cleopatra Selene as a pawn in political schemes who later evolved into a schemer in her own right, one who decided her actions effectively based on her own benefit. About this time all mention of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphos stop. My son Alexander Helios died. The second is her daughter with Mark Antony, Cleopatra Selene II (or Cleopatra VIII), who also lived an interesting life. [113], This article is about the daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III of Egypt. or Best Offer. [112] Thus, it is possible that Cleopatra Selene had a daughter captured by Tigranes II. [11] Ancient writers, such as Cicero and Appian, mention that the queen's name is Selene,[12][13] and Strabo clarified that she was surnamed "Cleopatra". Egypt 50 piastres, Cleopatra coin. After his assassination in 96 BC, she married his brother and rival Antiochus IX. However her daughter Selene did build the Iseum a temple / tomb for her mother / Nea Isia, when she became Queen consort of Juno II of Mauretania. Busts from the time also show him as handsome. [86] Historian John D. Grainger explained Tigranes II's action as a consequence of Cleopatra Selene's political importance; she was a winning card in the hands of her husbands, and Tigranes II sought to deny other ambitious men from acquiring influence through her. The succession of Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus XIII in the aftermath of Antiochus XII's death is not mentioned by ancient literary sources and is reconstructed using numismatic evidence. [23] Classicist Grace Macurdy numbered Cleopatra Selene as "Cleopatra V" within the Ptolemaic dynasty and many historians have used this convention. The daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III of Egypt, Cleopatra Selene was favoured by her mother and became a pawn in Cleopatra III's political manoeuvres. [110] More children, perhaps a daughter, might have resulted from the marriage, but it can not be confirmed;[111] according to Plutarch, Tigranes II "put to death the successors of Seleucus, and [carried] off their wives and daughters into captivity". In 115 BC, Cleopatra III forced her son Ptolemy IX to divorce his sister-wife Cleopatra IV, and chose Cleopatra Selene as the new queen consort of Egypt. [56] Ancient sources contain contradictory accounts and dates, and the numismatist Oliver D. Hoover suggested the date of 224 SE (89/88 BC) for Antiochus X's demise. Eventually, Syria split between the sons of Antiochus VIII with Philip I ruling in the Syrian capital Antioch and Antiochus XII in the southern city Damascus. Four years later, Antony visited Alexandria again en route to make war with the Parthians. Following the marriage of the Syrian Seleucid princess Cleopatra I to Ptolemy V of Egypt, dynastic marriages between the two kingdoms became common. Cleópatra Selene II e Juba II reinaram pouco tempo na Numídia, cujo povo rebelou-se contra os modos e costumes romanos impostos por Juba II. Tension between the king and his mother grew and ended with his expulsion from Egypt, leaving Cleopatra Selene behind; she probably then married the new king, her other brother Ptolemy X. In Alexandria, Antony publicly divides his empire among Caesarion, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene, and his and Cleopatra's infant son Ptolemy Philadelphos. As a result, what we most recall of this fascinating woman are her love affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony: but she was much more than that. Selene … Cleopatra was born to Ptolemy XII Auletes and an unknown mother. Hence, she is termed "Cleopatra II Selene" to differentiate her from her predecessor and aunt Cleopatra I Thea,[note 2][22] who was the mother of Cleopatra Selene's husbands Antiochus VIII and Antiochus IX. Four years later, Antony renewed his relationship with Cleopatra, and from this point on Alexandria would be his home. She had three children with Mark Antony named Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios, who were twins, and another son, Ptolemy Philadelphus. [77] Oliver D. Hoover suggested that Tigranes II invaded Syria only in 74 BC, with Philip I ruling until 75 BC in Northern Syria, allowing Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus XIII to claim the country unopposed for a while. [33] If it is accepted that Cleopatra Selene married Ptolemy X, then Cleopatra III divorced her from him after he deserted. It was just a matter of time. [79] In 69 BC, Tigranes II besieged Ptolemais; the city fell according to Josephus, but Tigranes II had to move north fast as the Romans started attacking Armenia. – 30? [60] The 1st-century historian Josephus wrote of "Selene ... who ruled in Syria",[68] indicating her continued influence despite her never controlling the capital Antioch. The younger Cleopatra was ten years old when she and her brothers were shipped off to Rome following her mother's death. Cleopatra was not permitted to enter Rome. Cleopatra Selene probably fled before the new king's arrival. In it, Ptolemy Philadelphus dies of an illness and Alexander Helios is poisoned by Mark Antony's wife, Octavia, after he drank wine meant for his sister. There are many stories told of how rich Cleopatra was, but we cannot be sure if these are true. Juba was also a Roman hostage after the death of his father, and knew the humiliation of walking in a triumph. Antony and Cleopatra had a relationship together. [40] Details of Cleopatra Selene's life with Antiochus VIII are not clear; no known offspring resulted from the marriage,[41] though six of Antiochus VIII's children from his previous marriage are known. [34] In 103 BC, Ptolemy IX was fighting in Judea. [33], The same year, 107 BC, Cleopatra Selene was probably married off to the new king, her younger brother, Ptolemy X. [51] The rationale for the marriage might have been pragmatic: Antiochus X sought to be king, but had little resources and needed a queen. Cleopatra Selene had many children by several husbands. [50] Yet, the marriage was scandalous. [109] Cleopatra Selene's maternity of Ptolemy XI can not be confirmed,[34] and which of Ptolemy X's wives bore Ptolemy XI remains unknown. [92] Following Cleopatra IV's expulsion from Egypt in 115 BC, she went to Cyprus where Ptolemy X resided, but she departed quickly to Syria and married Antiochus IX; if Ptolemy XI was her son, then her abandonment of Cyprus is hard to explain, and her son would not have been considered legitimate, while the legitimacy of Ptolemy XI was unquestioned. Eventually, when she had an affair with Julius Caesar she ends up giving birth to a baby boy named Caesarion. After a while, when she's grown, Octavian, now called Augustus, decides to marry her off. – A.D. Cleopatra's Moon by Vicky Alvear Shecter (2011) is a novel for teens about Cleopatra Selene. The children’s struggles to walk elicited sympathy from the crowd. But any Cleopatra movie is really a study in characters. Cleopatra Selene stayed in Rome until her marriage at fifteen or sixteen to Juba II. ... and Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II and Ptolemy Philadelphus (children of Mark Antony). [note 6][50] Antiochus X pushed Seleucus VI out of Antioch in 94 BC and ruled northern Syria and Cilicia,[49][53] while Seleucus VI's brothers Philip I and Demetrius III ruled Beroea and Damascus respectively. Of them, Antonia Minor befriends Cleopatra Selene and together they form a bond that surpasses all of the boundaries of Rome. Some scholars speculate that she had daughters too but since ancient historians cared little about the lives of women, there are no records of them. [62][40] Antiochus XII, another son of Antiochus VIII who was ruling in Damascus, died in 230 SE (83/82 BC). What she thought of raising the children of her husband with the woman who took him away is not known. [90], Ptolemy X's son, Ptolemy XI, might have been the child of Cleopatra IV. Cleopatra Selene stayed in Rome until her marriage at fifteen or sixteen to Juba II. [70] Cleopatra Selene resisted the Armenians in Ptolemais while Antiochus XIII probably took shelter in Cilicia. [80], The statement of Cicero indicates that in 75 BC, Tigranes II was still not in control of Syria, for if he were, Antiochus XIII would have asked the Roman Senate for support to regain Syria, since Tigranes II was the son-in-law of Rome's enemy, Mithridates VI of Pontus. Cleopatra Selene lost her new husband in 95 BC and married a final time to Antiochus IX's son Antiochus X, who disappeared from the records and is presumed to have died in 92 BC, but may have remained in power until 89/88 BC (224 SE (Seleucid year)). [17] Selene was the name of the Greek moon goddess and it is connected to the word selas (σέλας), meaning "light". The children were taken to Rome and given to his sister, Octavia, to raise in a good Roman home. In 34 BCE, her parents held a formal ceremony called the Donations of Alexandria and she was made ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya. [7] Those intermarriages helped Egypt destabilize Syria which was especially fragmented between different claimants to the throne;[8] brothers fought between themselves and Egypt interfered by supporting one claimant against the other. Such a scenario is unprecedented in Seleucid history. Fun Facts This is the cover for the movie, “Cleopatra”. 295 sold. It begins with Cleopatra being named queen of Cyrenaica and Libya by her father and follows the events around her parents' suicide. Cleopatra II Selene (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; c. between 135 and 130 – 69 BC) was the monarch of Syria from 82 to 69 BC. On December 25th 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to twins fathered by Antony, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. If Ptolemy XI and Berenice III were both children of Cleopatra Selene, then the statement of Cicero can be taken literally. [49] The Seleucid dynasty had a precedent of a son marrying his stepmother: Antiochus I had married his stepmother Stratonice, and this might have made it easier for Cleopatra Selene. The couple were sent to Mauritania to rule by Octavian. The twins already had one half brother, Caesarion, from their mother’s previous marriage to Julius Caesar and five half siblings from the father’s various marriages. Juba II’s father, King Juba I of Numidia, had committed suicide in 46 B.C. Appian wrote an anecdote concerning the epithet of Antiochus X, "Eusebes" ("the pious"): the Syrians gave it to him to mock his show of loyalty to his father by bedding his widow. 0. $2.00 shipping. [14] On the other hand, modern scholars, such as Arthur Houghton and Catharine Lorber, believed that Selene was actually an epithet. Right image: An ancient Roman sculpture possibly depicting either Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt, or her daughter, Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania, located in the Archaeological Museum of Cherchell, Algeria ( Hichem algerino / CC BY-SA 4.0 ) … They lived a full life there, and had children. ( Public Domain ) Cleopatra Selene was the only surviving member of Ptolemaic dynasty. According to Josephus, "those that held Damascus" invited Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, to rule them because they feared Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus), king of the Iturea. He divorces Octavia. There she ruled beside her husband, Juba II, and had at least one son. [5] Cleopatra I of Syria married Ptolemy V of Egypt in 193 BC,[6] and her granddaughter Cleopatra Thea married three Syrian kings in succession starting in 150 BC.
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